"There is terror and panic in our city", wrote the, then, 14 year old Clara Schwarz of life in, then, Żółkiew, Poland, today, Zhovkva, Ukraine, in the summer of 1942 of life under German occupation, "the Jews are building bunkers of all kinds: underground, double walls, anywhere they can find a spot to hide".1 For Clara and her family that "spot" was a "3 metres square and a meter and a half deep" bunker under a house, a bunker dug out by Clara and other children with their bare hands; a
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